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Karakoram Highway Improvement and Expansion in Pakistan

“KKH Phase 2”

Karakoram Highway Improvement and Expansion in Pakistan
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  • Karakoram Highway Improvement and Expansion in Pakistan

1.Project Honors:

ENRGlobal Best Project Award, China National Excellent Engineering Award

 

2.Project Overview:

The Karakoram Highway, also known as the China-Pakistan Friendship Highway, is a major artery connecting western China with Pakistan. It was built through ten years of arduous efforts by road construction workers from both China and Pakistan, and was officially opened on1978year6month18day. The Karakoram Highway Phase II Improvement Project is based on upgrading the existing highway and gradually extending it to the hinterland of Pakistan. The Havelian-Thakot section is one of the three tasks, located in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, northwestern Pakistan, with a total length of-Havelian-Thakot section-kilometers. The project area's altitude ranges from118meters860~1880meters to ~1880 meters, with a highway section ofkilometers and a secondary road section of39kilometers. The entire line mainly uses Chinese standard design and construction. The main structures include79mainline bridges105overpasses11culverts464passageways40tunnels6interchanges3service areas2tunnel management stations3toll stations6etc. The entire project encompasses many complex sub-projects. In addition, since the project is located in a mountainous area, except for the final10kilometers of secondary road reconstruction, the rest are newly built highways.

 

3.Key Ancillary Projects:

Abbottabad Tunnel, numerous bridges and tunnels

 

4.Technical Challenges:

The project area has complex topographical and geological conditions, with numerous bridge and tunnel structures and high-slope protection projects. It is the most technically challenging infrastructure project under the framework of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor. Because the new highway is located in a mountainous area, and most of the route is on slopes, the amount of earthwork is very large, which poses great difficulties for construction. At the same time, due to the complex geological composition along the route, severe weathering and complete weathering are serious, leading to very unstable excavation slopes and a high risk of collapse. Chinese engineering technicians have adopted various protective measures to solve the problem, either by slowing down the slope or adopting heavy-duty protection such as anchor rods, anchor cables, and frame beams on the slope to ensure slope stability.

 

The total length of bridges and tunnels is approximately25kilometers, making it the longest bridge and tunnel project in Pakistan. Among them, the Abbottabad1tunnel is the most geologically complex and difficult tunnel along the project route. It is located about 1 kilometer southwest of Abbottabad City, and is designed as a separated left and right line. The left line is1724meters long, and the right line is1765meters long, with a maximum burial depth of approximately143meters. The tunnel has a complex geological structure, poor soil and rock dam level, and passes through strongly weathered phyllite strata, which is loose, prone to collapse, and has extremely poor stability. At the same time, the Pakistani side hopes that the entire project can be completed ahead of schedule. Chinese construction personnel overcame enormous difficulties and ultimately completed the construction task with high quality.

 

5.Value and Significance:

After completion, the project will significantly improve local transportation conditions, greatly promote the construction of Pakistan's highway network and transportation infrastructure, effectively promote the urbanization process in Pakistan, accelerate the development and utilization of resources along the project route, and promote local economic development. The project also plays an important role in strengthening Pakistan's international trade relations with neighboring countries and Central Asia, improving the investment environment, consolidating national defense, maintaining social stability in Pakistan, and enhancing China-Pakistan economic and trade cooperation.

 

The project is an early harvest project of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor, and also a flagship project of the corridor. It is located in the core section of the land passage of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor and is an important part of the main north-south framework of Pakistan's highway network. The completion of the project not only marks another significant achievement in the construction of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor, but also a major substantive achievement of the Belt and Road Initiative.